碳足迹税、生态补偿与资源型经济产业转型

Carbon Footprint Tax, Ecological Value Compensation and Industrial Transformation of a Resource-Based Economy

碳足迹是从需求侧量化的产品内在的能耗所引发的碳排放,它对实现碳生态补偿和加强需求侧管理具有重要意义。通过核算能源消费的碳足迹并量化相应碳汇气体调节功能生态产品的价值,提出基于碳足迹税的生态价值补偿方案,创新了服务类生态产品价值实现机制。在此基础上,以山西省国家资源型经济转型综合配套改革试验区为例,构建CGE模型,分析碳足迹税对产业结构的影响,从要素密集度、投入产出和经济增长结构等方面比较分析资源型经济产业结构转型效应。研究发现:碳足迹对资源型经济转型具有积极作用,能够促进要素投入的集约化、资源配置的合理化和产业结构的高级化,实现资源密集型产业的减量化,推动技术密集型产业增长,有助于引导低能耗低排放的高新产业发展,在碳达峰、碳中和背景下具有一定的必要性和可行性。因此,我们建议通过碳足迹税引导产业结构的转型升级。

Carbon footprint quantifies the carbon emissions caused by the inherent energy consumption of products from the demand side, which is of great significance to achieve carbon ecological compensation and strengthen demand side management. By calculating the carbon footprint of energy consumption and quantifying the value of the corresponding carbon sequestration gas regulation function ecological products, this paper puts forward an ecological value compensation scheme based on carbon footprint tax, and innovates the value realization mechanism of service ecological products. On this basis, this paper, taking the comprehensive reform pilot area of national resource-based economic transformation in Shanxi Province as an example, constructs a CGE model to analyze the impact of carbon footprint tax on industrial structure, and compares and analyzes the effects of industrial structure transformation of resource-based economy from the aspects of factor intensity, input-output and economic growth structure. It is found that carbon footprint plays a positive role in the transformation of resource-based economy, which can promote the intensification of factor input, the rationalization of resource allocation and the upgrading of industrial structure, realize the reduction of resource-intensive industries, and promote the growth of technology-intensive industries. And it is also helpful to guide the development of high-tech industries with low energy consumption and low emissions, which is necessary and feasible under the background of carbon peak and carbon neutralization. Therefore, we propose to guide the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure through carbon footprint tax.