去殖民化与土著化:加拿大土著建筑遗产保护的探索之路

Decolonization and Indigenization:Exploring the Paths of Indigenous Architectural Heritage Conservation in Canada

土著建筑遗产是加拿大、美国、澳大利亚、新西兰等前殖民地国家文化遗产不可分割的组成部分。基于既有研究和加拿大遗产机构政策报告,梳理加拿大土著建筑遗产保护的发展历史,首先介绍加拿大传统土著建筑的基本特征,然后分析加拿大土著建成遗产保护的挑战与对策,最后探讨加拿大当代土著建筑实践的趋势。研究归纳了加拿大土著建筑遗产保护历程五个值得关注的经验:将土著遗产保护作为土著人的基本权利和社会公义;基于现有遗产保护体系不断争取土著人参加权和话语权;明确土著遗产更突出的无形文化遗产内涵和价值;确定"土著人所有、诠释、保护土著遗产"的基本方向;超越传统形式的类型学、看重土著知识的融合与传承的当代土著建筑实践。

Indigenous architectural heritage is an integral part of the cultural heritage of former colonial countries,such as Canada,the United States,Australia,and New Zealand.Based on existing studies and heritage organizations’ policy reports in Canada,this study surveys the development of indigenous architectural heritage conservation in Canada.It introduces the characteristics of traditional indigenous architecture,analyzes the chellenges and strategies of indigenous built heritage conservation,and discusses the trends of contemporary indigenous architecture practices in Canada.This study summarizes five experiences worthy of attention in the trajectory of Canadian indigenous heritage conservation:clarifying indigenous heritage conservation as the basic rights and social righteousness of indigenous people;constantly striving for indigenous people’s rights of participation and discourse in the current heritage conservation system;emphasizing the connotation and values of intangible cultural heritage of indigenous heritage;affirming the main direction of “indigenous people own,interpret,and protect indigenous heritage”;and promoting contemporary indigenous architectural practice,transcending typologies of traditional forms and rooted in traditional indigenous knowledge and values.