大数据侦查的权力扩张与理论反思

Power Expansion and Theoretical Reflection on Big Data Investigation

在信息时代,大数据侦查在打击犯罪、预防犯罪方面的价值日益凸显。与传统侦查行为相比,大数据侦查存在着法律属性模糊、缺少权力运行监管等诸多弊端。尤其是以公安为代表的侦查主体,兼具行政权和司法权,若不当利用大数据侦查手段,可能引发扩张权力、冲击司法秩序和侵犯公民权利等后果。为防止大数据侦查权的滥用,应对其进行合理规制,路径主要有明晰大数据侦查的法律属性、建立大数据侦查应用的正面和负面清单、明确大数据侦查的主体和权限范围、建立大数据侦查的规范运行程序等。

The value of big data investigation in fighting crime and preventing crime has become increasingly prominent in the information age.However,big data investigation has many disadvantages compared with traditional in⁃vestigation,such as vague legal attributes and lack of power operation supervision.Improper use of big data investiga⁃tion means from the investigative subjects represented by the public security organs with both administrative and judi⁃cial powers may lead to power expansion,assault on judicial order and violation of civil rights.Big data investigation power should be regulated reasonably through clarifying its legal attributes,establishing positive and negative lists of its applications,defining its subject and power scope,and establishing standardized operation procedures so as to pre⁃vent its abuse.