青岛市城阳区3种灌木滞尘研究

Study on Dust Retention of Three Shrubs in Chengyang District of Qingdao

采用单位面积滞尘法研究青岛市3种常见的常绿灌木瓜子黄杨(Buxus sinica)、小叶女贞(Ligustrum quihoui)、火棘(Pyracantha fortuneana)单位叶面积滞留不同粒径颗粒物单株滞尘量,并扫描观察叶表面微形态结构,分析微形态对植物滞尘量的影响。结果表明:3种灌木的总颗粒物(total suspended particulates,TPS)叶面滞尘量火棘最大,为1.84 g/m^(2);小叶女贞最小,为1.44 g/m^(2);3种灌木的PM_(>10)(颗粒物粒径>10μm)、PM_(10)(颗粒物粒径≤10μm)和PM_(2.5)(颗粒物粒径≤2.5μm)的滞尘量变化范围分别为1.18~1.47 g/m^(2)、0.16~0.33 g/m^(2)、0.02~0.07 g/m^(2);单株植物滞尘量为火棘>小叶女贞>瓜子黄杨。叶表面微结构观察表明,叶表面表皮毛数量、气孔密度、气孔长度、表皮沟槽比例以及茎面沟壑情况等影响植物滞尘能力,其中总滞尘量TSP与下表皮气孔密度呈正相关关系,相关系数为0.5977;与沟槽比例呈负相关关系,相关系数为-0.8278;与叶表面表皮毛数量、气孔长度无相关关系。

Three common evergreen shrubs Buxus sinica,Ligustrum quihoui and Pyracantha fortuneana were selected in Qingdao to quantify particles of different sizes and dust retention per plant of per unit leaf area using a dust retention method per unit area.The micro-morphological structure of leaf surface was observed by scanning,and the effect of micro-morphology on plant dust retention was analyzed.The results showed that:the magnitude of total suspended particulates(TPS)loading and retention on leaf of P.fortuneana was the highest among the three shrubs(1.84 g/m^(2)),the lowest was L.quihoui(1.44 g/m^(2));the observed ranges of dust retention of PM_(>10)(particle size>10μm),PM_(10)(particle size≤10μm)and PM 2.5(particle size≤2.5μm)from the three shrubs were 1.18-1.47 g/m^(2),0.16-0.33 g/m^(2) and 0.02-0.07 g/m^(2),respectively.The dust retention of a single plant was P.fortuneana>L.quihoui>B.sinica.The observation of micro-structure on leaf surface and stem surface showed that the number of leaf epidermal hair,stomatal density,stomatal length,epidermal groove ratio and stem surface gully affected the dust retention ability of plants.The total dust retention TSP was positively correlated with lower epidermal stomatal density,and the correlation coefficient was 0.5977;and it was negatively correlated with the proportion of the trench,and the correlation coefficient was-0.8278;which had no correlation with the number of leaf epidermal hair and stomatal length.