崂山典型森林群落数量分类与近自然景观评价

Quantitative Classification and Close-to-nature Landscape Evaluation of Typical Forest Communities in Mt.Laoshan

基于崂山森林群落的主要功能和特征,运用层次分析法构建近自然景观评价指标体系,对人为干扰较少的森林群落进行评价;运用Ward聚类法将整个森林群落分为10个群落类型,比较分析不同群落类型的评价结果。结果表明:崂山不同样地之间的近自然景观差距显著,得分从高到低可分为4个等级,>0.8分为近原始林,>0.6~0.8分为演替中期次生林,>0.4~0.6分为演替前期次生林,≤0.4分为外来树种人工林;从不同群落类型来看,得分均值最高的为麻栎+元宝枫群落,其组内差距小,得分均值最低的为黑松+刺槐群落、刺槐群落,其组内差距大。由调查研究可知,崂山森林群落构成复杂,从先锋群落到顶级群落都包含在内,所构建的近自然景观评价体系能够很好地对其进行区分。以评分较高的样地为范本,可以构建多个近自然植物群落配置模式,对园林绿地近自然植物群落营建以及已有人工林近自然改造都具有重要意义。

Based on the main functions and characteristics of the forest communities in Mt.Laoshan,a close-to-nature landscape evaluation index system was constructed using the analytic hierarchy process to evaluate the typical forest communities with less human disturbance.The entire forest community was divided into 10 community types by Ward clustering method,and the evaluation results of different community types were compared and analyzed.The evaluation results showed that there was a significant difference in evaluation scores between different sample plots,and the scores can be divided into four grades from high to low When the score was greater than 0.8,it was a near-primitive forest community.When the score was between 0.6 and 0.8,it was a secondary forest in the middle stage of succession.When the score was between 0.4 and 0.6,it was a secondary forest in the early stage of succession.When the score was less than 0.4,it was an artificial forest composed of alien tree species.Seen from different community types,the Quercus acutissima+Acer truncatum community had the highest average score and the difference within the group was small,and the lowest average scores from Pinus thunbergii community and Robinia pseudoacacia community,and both of which had great difference within the groups.It can be seen from the investigation and research that the Laoshan forest community has a complex composition,ranging from pioneer communities to top communities,and the evaluation system constructed in this paper can distinguish them well.Multiple configuration patterns of the close-to-nature plant community can be constructed based on the sample plots with high evaluation scores,which is of great significance to the construction of plant communities in green lands and the close-to-nature management of existing artificial forests.