《灵枢》《素问》补泻方员解读

The Interpretation of"Reinforcing and Reducing""Fang and Yuan"in Lingshu and Suwen

方员学说是《灵枢》与《素问》中提出的对于中医补虚泻实原则的阐释。以《官能》和《八正神明论篇》两篇为基点,从主旨立意、针刺补泻方法、施行主体及针刺操作具体手法等角度,解释说明《官能》“泻必用员,补必用方”与《八正神明论篇》“泻必用方,补必用员”之间的差异,认为《灵枢》为“编”、《素问》为“撰”是导致《官能》与《八正神明论篇》之中方员含义区别的原因。通过学习研究,可总结为:“方”“员”在《官能》中的含义是方柄针和圆柄针,目的是防止捻转误操作,在《八正神明论篇》中则表示为呼吸补泻法的操作时机,体现了针刺治疗的时空观念和天人合一的观点。

In Lingshu and Suwen,the theory of Fang and Yuan is the illustration of principles for reinforcing deficiency syndrome and reducing excess syndrome in Chinese medicine.The paper is based on Guanneng and The Piece of Eight Solar Terms and Gods.From the theme conception,acupuncture method of reinforcing and reducing,the subject of implementation and specific acupuncture operation,it can be proved that there is a significant difference between"Purging Must Use Fang,Tonifying Must Use Yuan"and"Tonifying Must Use Fang,Purging Must Use Yuan".It is the possible reason that Lingshu and Suwen are not mutually intelligible because the one is the main body,and the other is about further explanations and the theory of other camps.By consulting related acupuncture books and literature,we conclude that the meaning of"Fang and Yuan"in Guanneng is a needle with a square handle and a needle with a round handle and that the purpose is to prevent misoperation of twisting."Fang and Yuan"means the operation time of respiratory reinforcing and reducing method in The Piece of Eight Solar Terms and Gods.And it embodies the concept of time and space as well as the unity of man and nature in acupuncture treatment.