古代中医诊断思维与方法的科学内涵

A Brief Discussion on Ancient Chinese Medicine Diagnostic Thinking and Methods

结合《黄帝内经》《难经》等中医经典著作,探寻古代中医的诊断思维与方法,希翼对现代中医临床诊断辨证体系有所启发与指导。古代中医诊断思维:“以形正名”以观物取象,“司外揣内”以把握状态。古代中医诊断方法的理论:“色以应日,脉以应月”“能合色脉,可以万全”。古代中医诊断方法的具体操作要求:察色按脉,先别阴阳。其中望色分阴阳,以鲜明者为阳,晦暗者为阴;诊脉分阴阳,表现为“躁”的为阳脉,表现为“静”的为阴脉。古人从整体观念出发,用恒动的眼光在“察色按脉,先别阴阳”的基础上做到审察内外,辨证求因,方可做到“能合色脉,可以万全”的深层境界。

Combined with classic works of traditional Chinese medicine such as Huangdi Neijing and Nan Jing,this article explored the diagnosis methods of ancient Chinese medicine,hoping to enlighten and guide the clinical diagnosis and syndrome differentiation system of modern traditional Chinese medicine.The diagnostic thinking of ancient Chinese medicine:"using the shape and rectifying the name"to took the image from the observation,and"the outsider and the inside"to grasped the state.The theory of ancient Chinese medicine diagnosis method:"The color is in accordance with the day,the pulse should respond to the moon","It can combine the color pulse,it can be perfect".The specific operation requirements of the ancient Chinese medicine diagnosis method:checked the color and pressed the pulse,and first distinguished Yin and Yang.Among them,the color was divided into Yin and Yang,the bright one was Yang,and the dark one was Yin.The pulse diagnosis was divided into Yin and Yang,Yang pulse was"impatient"and Yin pulse was"quiet".Starting from the overall concept,the ancients used a constant vision to examine the inside and outside and seek the cause through syndrome differentiation on the basis of"checking the color and pulse,first distinguishing the Yin and Yang",so as to achieve the deep realm of"being able to combine the color veins and be perfect".