2022年山东省烟台市牛羊布鲁氏菌病横断面调查

Cross-sectional Investigation on Brucellosis in Cattle and Sheep in Yantai City,Shandong Province in 2022

2022年1—3月,烟台市报告19例人间布鲁氏菌病(以下简称“布病”)病例,给全市布病防控与净化带来了极大挑战。为了解烟台市畜间布病流行现状及饲养管理状况,采用问卷调查方式,对养殖场(户)的牛羊引入购进、生物安全措施、饲养管理及意识行为等进行调研。同时,采集牛羊血清,用虎红平板凝集试验进行初筛,竞争酶联免疫吸附试验进行确诊。本次问卷调查共回收有效问卷166份。结果显示,99.40%(165/166)受访户牛羊购自省内,75.30%受访户购买牛羊有检疫证明,56.02%受访户购买动物销售方能够提供布病检测报告。73.49%养殖场(户)具备消毒设施,并能定期消毒。78.92%受访户了解布病,6.02%受访户有喝生牛羊奶习惯,8.43%受访户自己屠宰牛羊。经布病抗体检测,牛群体阳性率为2.50%,个体阳性率为0.20%,羊群体阳性率为2.50%,个体阳性率为0.30%。本次调研掌握了烟台市牛羊调运监管、饲养管理、意识行为及畜间布病感染情况,为防范布病散播风险指明了方向,为布病防控及非免疫净化区建设提供了支撑。

In January-March,2022,19 cases of human brucellosis were reported in Yantai City,posing a great challenge to the prevention,control and purification of brucellosis. In order to investigate the status of prevalence of animal brucellosis and farming management in the city,a questionnaire investigation was conducted to investigate the introduction and purchase of cattle and sheep,bio-safety measures,feeding management,awareness and behaviors of farms(households). Meanwhile,the serum of cattle and sheep was collected for primary screening by rose bengal plate agglutination test(RBPT)and for confirmation by competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(cELISA). A total of 166 valid questionnaires were collected in this investigation. The results showed that 99.40%(165/166)respondents purchased cattle and sheep within the province,75.30% with quarantine certificates,and 56.02% from the sellers with brucellosis test reports. 73.49% farms(households)were equipped with disinfection facilities for regular disinfection. 78.92% respondents knew about brucellosis,6.02% were used to drinking raw milk from cows and sheep,and 8.43% slaughtered cattle and sheep by themselves. It was tested that,the positive rate was 2.50% in cattle population and 0.20% in individuals,2.50% in sheep population and 0.30% in individuals. The information about supervision for cattle and sheep transportation,farming management,awareness and behaviors as well as animal brucellosis infection in the city was collected,which provided a guidance for preventing potential risk of brucellosis spreading,and supported the prevention and control of brucellosis as well as the construction of a purification zone without vaccination.