天道与天命--慕容诸燕统治者的神学信仰

The Way of Natural Law and Destiny:the Theological Belief of the Rulers of Yan Regimes of Murong Clan's Political Power

慕容鲜卑建立的诸燕政权在十六国时期具有重要的地位,其政权呈现出对汉族文化学习与模仿的特点。从昌黎时代起慕容氏统治者开始逐步改变鲜卑族原始的信仰,转向两汉时期神化的儒学,运用祥瑞、符谶、天人感应、阴阳五行与政治相结合,为其政权合法性寻找理论依据的。通过天象的解读,预言吉祥与灾难,用术数化解灾异以求缓和社会矛盾和稳固统治。在诸燕统治者心中,借助儒学的神学思想,把自身塑造成顺天意的政权,才能得民心与争夺天下。故而,代表了天道与天命的儒家神学成为诸燕统治者崇尚的政治文化。

During the period of sixteen state,Yan regimes of Murong Clan’s political power featuring learing and imitating Han ethnic culture played a significant status. Murong ruler from Changli era started to shifting from primordial beliefs of Xianbei to deified Confucianism at the Han dynasty,aiming to find theoretical basis for the legitimacy of the political power by means of combining auspicious sign, runes, heaven-human induction, yin-yang and five elements with politics, and to ease the social contradiction and stabilize the regime through these approaches that uncertain future was predicted with the interpretation of celestial phenomena, and the unusual natural phenomena was dissolved by astrology. This governor believed that under the help of the theological thought of Confucianism, the political power could be shaped as a result of destiny, thus he could reach the people’s heart and win the world. This is the reason why Confucian theology, which represents natural law and destiny, has become the political culture advocated by the ruler of Yan regimes of Murong Clan’s political power.