《管子》的君臣观与忠德观

The View of Monarch-Minister and Loyalty in Guan Zi

管子学派作为先秦诸子百家之一,以其对现实政治的深切关注而成为战国时期稷下学宫的思想重镇。汇集管子学派思想的《管子》一书,顺应了姬周末期社会转型对“大一统”政治格局的吁求。针对君臣关系的变化和忠德观念的发展,《管子》系统论证了“为君之道”和“为臣之道”,其继承了春秋时期忠德的泛主体和双向度,并在此基础上进一步隆显了君权,强化了臣子忠君的道德义务。从思想渊源和社会影响看,《管子》不仅继承了管仲的政治思想和道德观念,而且吸纳了儒、墨、道、法诸家思想,并对其后各派学说乃至秦汉的政治思想产生了重大而深远的影响。

As one of the hundred schools of thought in the pre Qin period,Guanzi school became an important academic school of Jixia school in the Warring States period because of its deep concern for the real politics.The book Guanzi,which collects the thoughts of Guanzi school,conforms to the call for“great unity”political pattern in the social transformation of Zhou Dynasty weekend period.In view of the changes in the relationship between monarchs and officials and the development of the concept of loyalty and morality,it systematically demonstrates the“way of being a monarch”and“way of being a minister”,inherits the all subject and two-way degree of loyalty and morality in the spring and Autumn period,further highlights the monarchy and strengthens the moral obligation of officials to be loyal to the monarch.From the perspective of ideological origin and social influence,Guanzi not only inherited Guan Zhong’s political thought and moral concept,but also absorbed the thoughts of Confucianism,Mohism,Taoism and Legalists,and had a significant and far-reaching impact on the subsequent theories and even the political thought of Qin and Han Dynasties.