炸药爆轰对金属壳体加速能力研究进展

Research Progress on Acceleration Ability of Explosive Detonation to Metal Shell

炸药对金属壳体加速能力是弹药毁伤威力及安全性评估的重要参数。简要分析了炸药爆轰时金属壳体加速过程,包括爆轰波加载、爆轰气体产物加载、壳体破裂后气体产物持续加载3个阶段,介绍了金属壳体加速能力的评价指标,指出格尼速度是目前应用广泛且准确性高的指标参数。总结了以Hardesty&Kennedy为代表的φ法、以Roth为代表的γ法、以Keshavarz为代表的组分法3类格尼速度计算方法,分析比较了各种方法的优缺点、计算精度及适用范围。从炸药组分及性能、壳体材质及厚度两个方面分析了炸药格尼速度的影响因素。指出建立非理想含铝炸药的格尼速度经验公式是未来的研究方向,采用格尼速度作为格尼方程参数计算弹药破片初速时应考虑壳体材质的影响。

The acceleration ability of explosive to metal shell is an important parameter for evaluating the damage power and safety of ammunition.The metal acceleration process includes three stages:detonation wave loading,detonation gas product loading and continuous gas product loading after shell rupture.The evaluation indexes of metal acceleration ability were introduced,and analysis shows that the Gurney velocity is an index parameter with wide application and high accuracy at present.Three kinds of Gurney velocity calculation methods were reviewed,including theφmethod like Kennedy,theγmethod like Roth,and the component method like Keshawarz.The strengths and limitations,calculation accuracy and applicability of these methods were analyzed and compared.The influencing factors of Gurney velocity were analyzed from two aspects:both explosive composition&performance and shell material&thickness.It is pointed out that the empirical formula of Gurney velocity of non-ideal aluminized explosives should be established which is the research direction in the future,and the influence of shell material should be considered when using the Gurney velocity as the parameter of Gurney equation to calculate the initial velocity of ammunition fragments.