民法典视域下的农地融资担保规则

Agricultural Land Financing Guarantee Rules from the Perspective of the Civil Code

农地融资担保规则是我国农村土地制度改革的一大要点,但农地融资担保规则尚未制定集中的制度规范,《民法典》和《农村土地承包法》中均包含相关规范,需要通过对比和解释加以明确。“两权分离”情形下的承包农户土地承包经营权融资担保和“三权分置”情形下的受让人的土地经营权融资担保,在体系定位上都是抵押权;以《民法典》第410条为基础,二者均不可协议折价,前者的实现需要适用拍卖或变卖方式并结合《农村土地承包法》第47条第3款进行一次性流转价款清偿或经营收益清偿,而后者的实现可直接适用拍卖或变卖方式。

The agricultural land financing guarantee rules are a major point in the reform of the rural land system in China, but the corresponding rules have not yet formulated centralized institutional norms. The Civil Code and the Rural Land Contract Law both contain relevant norms, which need to be clarified through comparison and interpretation. The financing guarantee for the contracted farmer’s land management right in the situation of “separation of two rights” and the financing guarantee for the transferee’s land management right in the context of “separation of three rights” are both mortgage rights in terms of system positioning;based on Article 410, neither of the two can be discounted by agreement.The realization of the former requires the use of auction or sale and combined with Article 47(3) of The Rural Land Contract Law, while the realization can be directly applied to auction or sale.