因为专业所以认同——南京市社会工作者主观地位认同的质性研究

Identification through Professionalization: A Qualitative Study on the Subjective Status Identification of Social Workers in Nanjing

作为快速发展的新兴职业,社会工作在社会治理中发挥日益重要的作用,社会工作者的社会地位认同和社会工作人才队伍的稳定性却不容乐观。基于专业性理论视角对南京市社会工作者的主观社会地位认同进行考察,探讨这一新兴职业群体的主观社会地位认同如何受到专业性的影响。研究发现:社会工作行业和社会工作者的专业文化符号、专业知识体系和专业准入门槛三个维度的专业性在实践中均处于模糊状态;社会工作行业的专业性状况通过影响从业者的专业价值感、成就感和社会认同度的感知,从而影响其主观社会地位认同。社会工作者主观社会地位认同本质上是行业和个体专业性的结果;相对于传统的社会经济资源决定论,主观社会地位认同的专业性逻辑机制凸显了作为特质和关系的专业性的社会文化内涵。进一步发挥社会工作人才参与社会治理的作用需要从专业文化符号统一、专业知识体系构建和专业门槛严格化方面加强社会工作的专业性,提高社会工作者的社会地位认同和稳定性。

As a new profession, fast-developing social work plays an increasingly important role in social governance. However, neither social status identification of social workers nor stability of social work talents team sees optimistic. Based on professionalism, this article investigates the subjective social status identification of 84 social workers in Nanjing to discuss how the identification of the new professional group is influenced by professionalism. It can be found that professionalism in three dimensions is weak in practice, including professional cultural signals, professional knowledge system and professional access threshold of social work and social workers. Besides, the professional status of social work affects practitioners’ senses of professional value, achievement and social recognition, thus influencing their identification. In essence, social workers’ subjective social status identification is the embodiment of industrial and individual professionalism. Compared with traditional social and economic resource determinism, the professional logic mechanism of their identification highlights the social and cultural connotation of professionalism as a characteristic and relationship. To make the best of social work talents in social governance, the professionalism of social work needs strengthening by integrating professional cultural symbols, constructing a professional knowledge system and setting a strict professional threshold. Therefore, the social status recognition and stability of social workers can be improved.