分类视阈下社会工作机构公共危机应对研究——基于湖北省H市的调查

Crisis Response of Social Work Institutions under Classification:Based on the Survey of H City,Hubei Province

对湖北省H市的调查显示,H市社会工作机构可以分为专业型和社区型两类。专业型社会工作机构由于需求感知偏弱、案主定位模糊、社会认可不高,因而缺乏主动捕捉受困者的能力以及危机中的组织和动员能力。社区型社会工作机构则表现为社会认可范围有限,工作内容与社区工作趋同化,没有能力满足居民高层次和差异化的需求。专业型社会工作机构可通过打造“熟人共同体”来破解需求感知滞后、社会认可度低的状况。社区型社会工作机构应提升专业性和规划性。政府主管部门在推动社会工作机构建立危机事件数据库、总结经验教训的同时,还应推动社会工作机构供给侧改革。

According to the survey of H City in Hubei Province,social work institutions can be divided into professional ones and community-based ones.For the former,they are plagued by weak demand perception,vague location of clients and low social recognition,leading to a lack of ability to discover trapped people as well as organization and mobilization capacity in crisis.For the latter ones,there are limitations in social recognition,convergence between their tasks and community party-mass services,and no ability to meet residents’high level and differentiated needs.Professional ones can address lagging demand perception and low social recognition by building an acquaintance community while community-oriented ones should enhance professionalism and planning.Besides,the relevant government departments should facilitate the supply-side reform of social work institutions when boosting the establishment of a crisis database to learn from experience and lessons.