社会政策问题的情境主义框架:政治性、情境互动与元治理

Contextualism Framework of Social Policy Issues:Politics,Situational Interaction and Meta Governance

情境性是政策科学三大基本属性之一,它关注变化着的社会现实对决策模式的影响。情境主义框架的政治性特征影响着政策主体对政策问题的判断与界定,并决定着问题本身成为政策议程并加以讨论的根本可能性;情境行动理论重点关注政策议程设置及政策演进过程中的主要问题;情境互动理论涉及政策执行层面的多元主体互动关系,以及主体之间在资源、信息等方面存在的差异;情境治理则强调政府部门在政策工具选择以及解决政策问题过程中的基本能力。将情境主义分析框架应用于基层治理等关键领域,可以识别政策过程的根本政治属性,判断多元参与主体之间的互动关系,并提出优化政策工具应用模式的具体方式。

Contextuality is one of the three basic attributes of policy sciences,paying attention to the influence of changing social reality on the decision-making model.Political characteristics of contextualism have an impact on policy subjects’judgment and definition of policy issues.They also determine the fundamental possibility that the issue itself will be a policy agenda to be discussed.Contextual action theory focuses on the setting of policy agenda and major problems in policy evolution.While contextual interaction theory involves the interaction of multiple subjects at the level of policy implementation and differences among subjects in resources and information.Besides,contextual governance emphasizes the basic ability of government departments to select policy tools and solve policy problems.Contextual analysis will be applied to grassroots governance and other key areas,which helps identify fundamental political attributes in the policy process and analyze the interactive relationship among multiple participants.In these ways,specific methods can be put forward to optimize policy tools application.