黄河中游矿区可持续农业与农村发展研究——以神府煤田典型村域为例

Sustainable agriculture and rural development in mining areas of the middle reaches of the Yellow River:Taking typical villages in Shenfu coalfield as case study

神府煤田地处我国黄河流域中游地区,是榆林国家级能源化工基地的重要组成部分。受矿产开发、气候变化、环境污染等多重胁迫的影响,其可持续农业与农村发展(sustainable agriculture and rural development,以下简称SARD)面临严峻挑战。文中甄选神府煤田典型村域,基于SARD理念借助DPSIR概念模型构建了典型村域SARD水平测度指标体系,辨识了制约其SARD的主要障碍因子,探求了可望促成案例区SARD的优化策略。研究表明:①矿产开发对矿区乡村“三生空间”及其功能影响深刻,3个案例村SARD整体水平偏低、村域差异显著、两极化现象较为明显,且其各准则层得分的空间异质性显著;②阻碍案例村SARD的准则层依次为响应层、影响层、状态层、驱动力层、压力层等,即案例村应对SARD的响应力普遍偏弱,高强度能源开发及粗放式农业生产的负外部性较为显著;③村干部素质、单位耕地产值、农户收入水平、生态修复等则是制约案例村SARD的主要因子,虽然这几类障碍因子存在一定的村域差异,但皆与矿产开发直接或间接相关;④基于“共筹、共建、共治、共享”的视角探究了案例村SARD优化策略,以期为黄河中游矿区乡村及同类地区的转型发展和乡村振兴提供借鉴。

Shenfu coalfield is located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin in China,and it is an important part of the Yulin National Energy and Chemical Base.Affected by multiple threats such as mineral exploitation,climate change,and environmental pollution,its sustainable agriculture and rural development(SARD)is facing severe challenges.In this paper,typical villages in Shenfu coalfield are selected,and based on the SARD concept and the DPSIR concept model,the SARD level measurement index system of the case villages is constructed,the main obstacle factors restricting its SARD are identified,and the optimization strategy that is expected to promote SARD in the case area is explored.The results are as follows:①Mineral development has a profound impact on the"production-living-ecological space"and its functions in the three mineral villages.The overall level of SARD in the three case villages is relatively low,its differences between those villages are quite significant,the phenomenon of polarization is obvious,and the spatial heterogeneity of their subsystems is significant;②The criterion layers that hinder the SARD in the case villages are the response layer,the influence layer,the state layer,the driving force layer,the pressure layer,etc.,which means the response ability of the case villages to SARD is generally weak,while the negative effects of high-intensity energy development and extensive agricultural production are more significant;③The quality of village cadres,the value of unit farmland,the income level of farmers,and ecological restoration are the main factors that restrict the SARD of the case village,although these obstacles are different in three villages,they are all directly or indirectly related to mineral development;④In order to provide reference for the rural transformation and development of the mining area in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the rural revitalization of similar areas,the paper explores the SARD optimization strategy of the case village based on the perspective of"co-financing,co-construction,co-governance,and sharing".