21世纪德国学界最新《资本论》价值理论研究

The Latest Research on the Value Theory in Das Kapital in German Academia in the 21st Century

21世纪以来,德国学界对《资本论》价值理论的研究独树一帜、成果斐然,而其中最具有代表性的莫过于“新文献派”“新阅读派”“新批判派”这三个重要思潮,新文献派侧重以文献学视角介入对马克思价值理论形成史和发展史的具体把握之中,对MEGA2首度公开的诸多新文献(特别是与马克思政治经济学批判工作相关的手稿、笔记和书信等)展开了深入且富有创造性的解读;新阅读派继承了法兰克福学派的政治经济学批判研究传统,以货币逻辑来统摄价值运动的辩证法,并在此基础上深化了对马克思价值形式批判的认识;新批判派则在批判前两者过分强调抽象的形式逻辑(或者说体系逻辑)的过程中,阐明了应当将马克思的价值理论(特别是《资本论》中的价值理论)纳入具体历史语境和社会现实中进行考察,提出了马克思价值理论的核心是价值批判。

Since the 21st century,the research on the value theory in Das Kapital in German academic circles has been unique and fruitful,among which the most representative ones are the"School of New Literature",the"School of New Reading"and the"School of New Criticism".The School of New Literature focuses on the specific study of the history of the formation and development of Marx’s value theory from the perspective of philology,developing an in-depth and creative interpretation of many new documents published by MEGA2 for the first time (especially the manuscripts,notes and letters related to the critical work of Marx’s political economy);the School of New Reading inherits the Frankfurt School’s tradition of critical research on political economy,using monetary logic to dominate the dialectics of value movement,and deepening the understanding of Marx’s critique of value forms;in the process of criticizing the overemphasis on abstract formal logic (or system logic) of the former two,the School of New Criticism clarifies that Marx’s value theory (especially the value theory in Das Kapital) should be examined in the specific historical context and social reality,proposing that the core of Marx’s value theory is value criticism.