生育“事件”与城乡家庭妻子相对收入的变化模式

Entering Parenthood and the Dynamics of Wives' Relative Earnings within Families in China

本文利用2010-2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)教据,采用事件研究法,研究了“生育事件”发生前后妻子相对收入的动态变化模式,以及这种变化模式在城乡和不同受教育程度女性中的异质性数据表明,无论在生育前后,城镇家庭妻子的相对收入都始终比乡村家庭妻子高.此外,本文还检验了生育后妻子相对收入的动态变化模式在城乡之间的差异,发现城乡家庭妻子的相对收入在生育之后均显著下降,且城饫女性由于在就业比例、工作时间、工资率等方面受生育带来的冲击更大,其相对收入的下降幅度也更大研究还发现,首次生育一年之后,城乡家庭妻子的相对收入虽逐步回升,但均无法恢复到生育前的水平,说明生育带来的负面影响长期存在通过引入受教育程度进行三层交互分析,本文进一步发现,女性受教育程度越低,生育导致其相对收入下降的幅度越大,且城镇女性比乡村女性所面临的劣势更大.

Using China Family Panel Study(CFPS)data from 2010 to 2018 and applying event study methodology,this article studies the changes in wives'relative economic positions within the family in the life course following parent hood and how these patterns vary across urban-rural areas and education levels.Results show that urban wives share of couple earnings is higher than that of rural wives regardless of fertility or not.In addition,based on the two-way interactional analysis between time from the first fertility and the urban-rural condition,this study finds a significant drop in wives'share of earnings for both urban and rural areas.It also finds that the drop is higher for urban wives due to their larger declines in employment proportion,working hour,and hourly wage.This study also discovers that although the share of earnings for urban and rural wives increases slowly after one year following the first fertility,they can't fully recover to the level prior to the first fertility.The negative effects of fertility persist in the long run.By running a three-layer interactional analysis with education levels,this study further reveals that for women with lower education levels,the declines in their share of earnings are larger after the first fertility,and urban women tend to stand in a much weaker position than rural women.