马克思主义社会学的波兰经验--鲍曼与华沙马克思主义学派

Marxist Sociology from Poland’s Experience:Zygmunt Bauman and the Warsaw School of Marxism

国内关于齐格蒙特.鲍曼的研究集中在他20世纪80年代以来发表的一系列作品上,主要关注其现代性、后现代性、流动的现代性以及全球化等相关主题,对于鲍曼作为华沙马克思主义学派主要成员的思想及其对鲍曼一生学术思想的影响关注不够。本文从爱德华.汤普森与波兰左翼知识分子和“第二代”英国新左派的互动与冲突入手,力图揭示出由于鮑曼在这场冲突中被贴上了右倾“流亡者”的标签,华沙马克思主义学派所开创的“开放的马克思主义”一直未得到充分重视。与列宁、布哈林将历史唯物主义等同于社会学不同,“开放的马克思主义”将历史唯物主义看成一种元社会学,而社会学则应该是一种关注政治关系研究的具体总体的学科。沿此脉络,鲍曼确立了人道主义马克思主义的思想理路,并将“开启人类生活可能性”的批判社会学贯穿其学术思想的始终。

Bauman Studies in Chinese academic circles mainly focus on his post-1980 works.Modernity,post-modernity,liquid modernity,and globalization have received much attention,while the Warsaw school of Marxism and its influence on Bauman is still a hidden path.This paper suggests status quo partly results from E.P.Thompson’s criticism in 1972.Objectively,it located Bauman on the right side of the political spectrum by creating an image of an exile.In the interaction and conflicts between Polish left-wing intellectuals and the British New Left,Thompson did not take seriously the“Open Marxism”proposed by the Warsaw school of Marxism and obscures its significance in Marxist sociology.In contrast to Lenin and Bukharin,who equated historical materialism with Marxist sociology,the Warsaw school of Marxism regards historical materialism as a meta-sociology and desires to develop a political relations sociology with concrete totality characteristics.Along with“Open Marxism”,Bauman establishes Marxist humanism’s ideal and places the agenda to explore human possibilities at the core of his sociology.