基于Andersen模型的河南省农村老年人养老方式选择意愿及其影响因素研究

Studying on the Willingness of Rural Elderly in Henan Province to Choose Their Pension Method and Its Influencing Factors Based on Andersen Model

目的:探索河南省农村老年人养老方式的选择意愿及影响因素。方法:采用多阶段整群分层随机抽样法于2019年3~8月共抽取4074例河南省60岁及以上农村老年人,进行问卷调查获取数据;运用χ^(2)检验和多元Logistic回归分析养老意愿分布的差异及影响因素;以Andersen模型为理论框架,探究倾向特征、使能资源和需求因素对农村老年人养老方式选择意愿的影响。结果:84.19%的农村老年人选择家庭养老,选择社区养老和机构养老的分别为10.14%和5.67%;多元Logistic回归分析显示,婚姻状况、学历、居住情况、残疾、患慢性病种类及老年人能力状况是影响农村老年人养老意愿选择的因素(P<0.05);从影响因素回归模型中发现倾向特征和使能资源对因变量的影响较大。结论:河南省农村目前的养老以家庭养老为主,倾向特征、使能资源和需求因素不同程度地影响老年人选择养老方式,建议相关部门关注农村老年人生活条件和提高其健康状况,大力发展农村多元养老服务方式。

Objective To explore the choice of pension mode and its influencing factors among the rural elderly people in Henan Province.Methods A total of 4074 cases of rural elderly aged 60 and above in Henan Province were selected from March to August 2019 using a multi-stage cluster stratified random sampling method,and surveyed with questionnaires.Data was analyzed withχ^(2) test and multivariate logistic regression.The Andersen model was used as a theoretical framework to explore the influence of propensity characteristics,enabling resources and demand factors on the willingness of rural elderly to choose their pension mode.Results Among the 4074 elderly people,the proportion of choosing family pension,community pension,and institution pension was 84.19%,10.14%,and 5.67%,respectively.Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that marital status,educational background,living situation,disability,number of chronic disease and disability of the elderly were influencing factors of choosing care services in rural elderly people(P<0.05).From the regression model of influencing factors,it was found that tendency characteristics and enabling resources had the greatest impact on dependent variables.Conclusion Family pension was the major pension mode in Henan Province.Tendency characteristics,enabling resources and demand factors affected the elderly people’s choice at different level.It is recommended for the relevant departments to pay attention to the living conditions of rural elderly people and improve their health,and actively develop diversified ways of rural elderly services.