应用基因编辑技术对缅甸优质稻品种波山的遗传改良

Genetic Improvement of Myanmar Rice Cultivar Paw San Hmwe Using Gene Editing Technology

波山水稻是缅甸特有的一类优质稻品种,因其米饭口感好、气味香,深受缅甸人民喜爱,在东南亚享有盛名。然而,波山水稻具有植株高、生育期长、产量低的缺点,极大限制了其在缅甸的广泛种植和出口。为解决这个问题,必须对波山水稻的株高和生育期性状进行遗传改良。本研究对来自缅甸的22份波山水稻品种进行遗传亲缘关系分析和表型鉴定,并以其中的一个典型的波山品种‘PSH-21’为材料,利用CRISP/Cas9基因编辑技术,对‘PSH-21’中的半矮秆基因Sd1和光周期敏感基因Ghd7进行基因敲除。结果表明敲除这两个基因之后,‘PSH-21’的株高降低了55 cm,生育期也明显缩短,而对其他农艺性状影响不大。本研究结果为缅甸波山水稻的遗传改良提供了良好的材料基础。

Paw San Hmwe(PSH)rice varieties are distinctive type of good-quality rice in Myanmar.It is deeply loved by Myanmar people and has a high reputation in Southeast Asia because of its good taste and strong aroma.However,PSH rice has the shortcomings of tall plant height,long growth duration and low yield,which greatly impede its extensive cultivation and export in Myanmar.To solve this problem,it is necessary and urgent to genetically improve the growth duration and plant height of PSH.In this study,phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic identification were performed on 22 PSH varieties from Myanmar.In addition,a typical PSH variety’PSH-21’was chosen as the material,in which the semi dwarf gene Sd1 and photoperiod sensitive gene Ghd7 were knocked out using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology.The results showed that by knocking out these two genes,the plant height of’PSH-21’was reduced by 55 cm and its growth duration was significantly shortened,while other agronomic characters were not greatly affected.The results of this study provided a solid foundation of materials for the genetic improvement of PSH varieties in Myanmar.