明清时期泰山地区碧霞元君信仰空间研究——从碧霞元君上中下三庙说起

A Study on the Belief Space of Bixia Yuanjun in Taishan Area in Ming and Qing Dynasties——From the Upper, Middle and Bottom Three Temples of Bixia Yuanjun

泰山有两位主神,分别为泰山神和碧霞元君。明代以前,泰山信仰的主神是泰山神,明代以后,碧霞元君信仰超越了泰山神,人们在泰山上下和泰安城内外,创建了大量碧霞元君行宫,还对一些祠庙进行改造,主祀碧霞元君。清初,参照东岳庙上中下三庙之制,碧霞元君也有了上中下三庙。但这并不是简单的模仿,而是明代以后泰山地区泰山神和碧霞元君地位变化和信仰势力消长,在祠庙空间布局上的体现。

There are two main gods in Mount Tai, namely Taishan God and Bixia Yuanjun. Before the Ming Dynasty, the protagonist of Taishan belief is Taishan God. Then Bixia Yuanjun’s Religion surpassed Taishan god after the Ming Dynasty. People built a large number of Bixia Yuanjun temples up and down Mount Tai and inside and outside Tai’an City, and also renovated some ancestral temples to worship Bixia Yuanjun. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, referring to the system of the upper, middle and bottom three temples of the Dongyue Temple, Bixia Yuanjun also had the upper middle and bottom three temples. However, this is not a simple imitation, but a reflection of the spatial layout of temples and shrines in The Taishan area after the Ming Dynasty.