准定语现象的新思考

New Reflection on Quasi-attributive

准定语现象在语法学界讨论已久。文章选取了早期不同理论方法下的代表性成果作为参照点,客观总结了已有成就与存在的争议点。在全面描写准定语类别的基础上,重点关注了准定语在句中不同位置的诸多不对称现象,特别是准定语与离合词现象的高度关联性,根据单一信息原则,解释了这些现象的成因。句子信息结构安排是促成句法结构重组的语用推力:话题的指称化诱发了该位置主谓结构的准定语结构操作,评述语的事件化与焦点化迫使及物性低的双音词拆分以容纳事件化与焦点化所需要素,并直接导致了词的离析与准定语、准名词现象的产生。走向话语与语用现场,准定语、离合词及准名词等其实都并不是什么奇异的语法现象。

Quasi-attributive has been a topic in the field of grammar for a long time. This paper selects the representative achievements of different theories, and objectively summarizes the achievements and controversial points. Based on a comprehensive description of the categories of quasi-attributives, this paper focuses on many asymmetric phenomena of quasi-attributives in different positions in sentences, especially the high correlation between quasi-attributives and split-words, and explains the causes of these phenomena according to the Principle of Single Information. The arrangement of information is the pragmatic thrust to promote the reorganization of syntactic structure: the referentialization of topic causes the quasi-attributive structure operation of the subject-predicate structure in this position, and the new information attribute of the commentary forces the disyllabic words with low transitivity to split to accommodate the required elements of eventualization, which directly leads to the separation of words and the emergence of quasi-attributive and quasi-noun. In discourse and actual language use, quasi-attributives, split-words and quasi-nouns are not special.