“N_(1)V+N_(2)”定中式复合词的语义结构与成分的隐现规则

On the Semantic Structure and Component’s Occurrence of “N_(1)V+N_(2)” Modifier-head Compounds

本文首先运用物性结构和论元结构两种理论,细致分析了双音名动状中式参构的“N_(1)V+N_(2)”定中式复合词(如“手捧花”“刀削面”“火烧云”)的语义结构,发现N_(1)V可表N_(2)的功用角色、施成角色、形式角色,N_(1)可为V的材料、工具、处所/方位、时间、方式等。然后,考察了该类复合词成分的隐现规则,N_(1)的隐含主要跟V的语义是否包含N_(1)的概念要素相关,V的隐含主要跟两个名性成分是否能激活相应的动作有关,成分的完整呈现是为了精确表达语义。最后,讨论了定语成分N_(1)V的功能游移,指出该单位已经从动作转向属性,语法功能向属性词游移。

Based on the theories of qualia structure and argument structure,this paper analyzes the semantic structure of“N_(1)V+N_(2)”modifier-head compounds containing N_(1)-V adverbial-verb component(eg.,shǒupěnghuā(手捧花),dāoxiāomiàn(刀削面),huǒshāoyún(火烧云))in detail at first.It finds that N_(1)V can represent the telic,agentive or formal role of N_(2),and N_(1) can represent the material,tool,location,time or manner related to V.Then,occurrence rules of the components are explored.Whether the conceptual elements of N_(1) are included in the meaning of V is the key factor that determines the omission of N_(1),while whether the corresponding action denoted by V can be activated by the two nominal components will determine the omission of V.The components are presented completely to ensure the completeness and accuracy of semantic expression.Finally,the paper discusses the functional shift of the attributive component N_(1)V.It is found that N_(1)V has changed from action to attribute,and its grammatical function has shifted to that of attributive adjectives.