特朗普政府时期美国科技战略解析

An Analysis on the US Science and Technology Strategy during the Trump Administration

维持科技领域的主导地位在美国国家安全战略中具有突出的重要性,美国将其视为维持经济安全、军事安全,进而以实力维护美国霸权的关键。近年来,中国在量子信息科学、人工智能、先进网络通信等第四次科技革命前沿技术领域实力的快速增长,日益引起美国的“科技战略焦虑”。为“迟滞”中国科技实力快速上升的势头并继续确保美国在科技领域的全球主导地位,特朗普政府依据“自强”与“弱它”的双重逻辑,围绕科研资助、创新激励、专利保护、科技转化、人才培引、外部竞争六大政策重点对美国科技战略进行了力度空前的革新。拜登政府上台后,基本延续了特朗普政府科技战略的整体思路,围绕“自强”与“弱它”并重的战略逻辑,拜登政府还对特朗普政府的科技战略举措进行了强化与完善。

For the US, it is of paramount significance that its security strategy ensures a continued dominant role in the field of science and technology. The US regards it as a key dimension for its military and economic security, as well as maintaining its power and thus hegemony. In recent years, the US has experienced strategic anxiety in science and technology as China has become increasingly powerful in the Fourth Science and Technology Revolution frontier fields,such as, quantum information science, artificial intelligence, and advanced network communications. To trigger stagnation of China’s momentum and rapid rise in science and technology power indices, and continue to guarantee US global dominance, the Trump administration implemented unprecedented reforms in its science and technology strategy with respect to research grants, innovation stimuli, patent protection, talent cultivation and external competition via the dual logic of“self-strengthening”and“diminishing others”. Likewise, the Biden administration has continued the general direction of the Trump administration’s strategy, further reinforcing it.