空间认知能力与三维寻路绩效的相关性分析

Correlation Analysis Between Spatial Cognitive Abilities and Wayfinding Performance in 3D Environments

研究影响寻路行为的人为因素,对于提升智能导航服务的用户体验具有重要意义。从心理旋转、抽象推理、空间短时记忆和空间感知4种能力出发,设计空间认知对照实验,探究空间认知能力与寻路绩效之间的相关性。研究结果表明:(1)4种空间认知能力之间弱相关,且按空间尺度部分分离。相同尺度空间的认知能力,即心理旋转能力和抽象推理能力、短时记忆能力和空间感知能力的相关性较强,不同尺度空间的认知能力相关性较弱。(2)心理旋转能力和抽象推理能力对寻路绩效有较高的拟合显著性水平。考虑多因素联合作用,虚拟场景中,心理旋转能力对寻路绩效影响最大,空间感知能力影响最小;真实场景中,空间感知能力对寻路绩效影响最大,短时记忆能力影响最小。(3)寻路表现具有显著的场景效应,在虚拟和真实场景中各项能力因子对寻路绩效拟合的决定系数明显不同。该研究结果为基于虚拟场景的行人导航研究的有效性提供了实证参考,也可为设计顾及人因的导航服务提供依据。

Object:The influence of human factors on wayfinding performance is essential to improve the user experience of intelligent navigation service.Method:Based on four cognitive abilities,i.e.mental rotation,abstract reasoning,spatial short-term memory and spatial perception,this paper conducts several spatial cognitive experiments to analysis the correlation between spatial cognitive abilities and wayfinding performance.Results:The results indicate that:(1)These four spatial cognitive abilities are weakly correlated with each other,and can be separated partly with reference to the scale of recognition space.Specifically,cognitive group with mental rotation ability and abstract reasoning ability,and cognitive group with shortterm memory ability and spatial perception ability,have stronger correlation respectively concerning the same space scale.While those groups where cognitive abilities cross different scale space have week correlation.(2)Mental rotation ability and abstract reasoning ability have higher significance and goodness of regression fitting on wayfinding performance.Considering the combined effect of multiple cognitive factors,in virtual scene,the mental rotation ability shows the highest influence while the spatial perception ability has the lowest influence;in real scene,the spatial perception ability shows the highest influence and the short-term memory ability has the lowest influence.(3)The wayfinding performance has significant scene effect with respect to the real and virtual scenes,i.e.the determinant coefficients of cognitive factors for wayfinding performance fitting varies with the scene type.Conclusions:These results provide an empirical reference for the effectiveness of pedestrian navigation research based on virtual scene.It can also serve as a basis for the design of navigation service considering human factors.