微RNA调控突触可塑性的研究进展

Research Progress in MicroRNA Regulating Synaptic Plasticity

突触可塑性是神经可塑性的一种表现形式,在维持神经系统正常生理功能中起重要作用。对基因表达时间和空间上的精细调控是实现突触可塑性功能的重要因素之一,其中微RNA(miRNA)在基因转录后调控中发挥重要作用。miRNA与信使RNA的3′非翻译区结合,可稳定调节基因表达和翻译过程,并实现突触可塑性。一些特定miRNA在突触可塑性的调控中发挥着重要作用,如树突棘形态改变、微管动力学、长时程增强以及脑源性神经营养因子等,参与维持神经系统的正常生理功能。

Synaptic plasticity is a manifestation of neuroplasticity,which plays an important role in maintaining the normal nervous functions.The fine regulation of gene expression in time and space is one of the important factors to the function of synaptic plasticity,and microRNA(miRNA)plays an important role in the post-transcriptional regulation.MiRNA can stably regulate gene expression and translation process and achieve synaptic plasticity by combining with the 3′untranslated region of messenger RNA.Some specific miRNA play an important role in synaptic plasticity regulation,including the shape of dendritic spines,microtubule dynamics,long-term potentiation,brain-derived neurotrophic factor and so on,involved in maintaining the normal nervous functions.