博士生科研资助的粘性效应:比较优势还是能力分层——以人文社会科学为例

The Stickiness Effect of Doctoral Research Fund:Comparative Advantage or Ability Stratification?--A Case Study based on Humanities and Social Sciences

探究博士生科研资助的粘性效应,即科研资助对科研产出的影响是源于博士生的比较优势还是能力分层,有着重要的政策启示价值。基于网络爬虫和手工清理获得1341份已毕业的博士数据,应用反事实分析模型(PSM)对其进行实证检验,研究发现:获得科研资助的博士生平均能力高于未获科研资助者,其科研产出是能力分层所致的分流结果,而非遵循比较优势后的分类收益。换言之,未获得科研资助的博士生,假如获得科研资助的话,其边际产出将会比获得科研资助博士生的边际产出高。对此提出的政策建议是,高校科研资助工作应回归育人的初衷,大幅提高科研资助的覆盖面,以便吸纳那些处于申请科研资助边缘的博士生,激励其产出更多的科研成果继而达到整体提高人才培养质量的目的。

Exploring the stickiness effect of the scientific research fund granted to doctoral students,i.e.,exploring whether the influence of the fund on scientific research output is due to comparative advantage or ability stratification,has important policy enlightenment value.Based on the data of 1,341 doctoral graduates obtained through web crawler and manual mining,the author uses the counterfactual analysis model(PSM)to carry out an empirical test.The study finds:the average ability of the doctoral students who have obtained research fund is higher than those who have not and the scientific research output is the result of regrouping caused by ability stratification,rather than the categorized benefits from the comparative advantage.In other words,if the unfunded doctoral students can obtain the fund,the marginal output they produce will be larger than that by the doctoral students who have been funded.This means a suggestion for policy adjustment:universities return to the original mission for cultivating students when using scientific research fund,increase the coverage of the fund greatly so as attract more doctoral students who wish to apply for the fund,encourage them to yield more scientific research achievements,and improve the overall quality of talent cultivation.