大气环境中微塑料污染及其分析技术的研究进展

Progress on microplastics pollution and its analysis methods in the atmosphere

微塑料污染物(直径小于5 mm的塑料碎片)对生态环境的潜在影响已成为人们关注的热点问题之一.现有的研究微塑料的文献大多集中在水生环境,尤以海洋环境中的微塑料研究居多.有关大气环境系统中微塑料污染近几年才受到关注.本文综述了近年来有关大气微塑料研究的最新进展,概括了大气微塑料的来源及分类.此外,归纳了目前常用于大气环境中微塑料的采集方法,并进一步列举了不同采集方法可适用的提取、分析方法,指出不同方法的优缺点.最后,在总结国内外研究进展的基础上,对我国大气环境微塑料研究提出建议:(1)为使研究结果具有可对比性,大气环境微塑料的丰度单位需统一;(2)大气微塑料远距离传输的转化和降解过程需要进一步的研究;(3)微塑料在正常环境下的暴露对人体的危害需要更深入的了解.

Microplastics(plastic debris with diameter less than 5 mm)have become a hot topic due to their ubiquity in our living environment and potential impact on the ecological environment.Previous literature mainly focused on microplastics in the aquatic environment,especially in the marine environment,only a limited number of papers studied microplastics in the atmosphere.Here,we review the latest research progresses,the source,and the classification of atmospheric microplastics.Moreover,we compare the extraction procedures of different collection methods,summarize the commonly used methods for the analysis of atmospheric microplastics,and evaluate their advantages and disadvantages.Finally,further suggestions are on future microplastic research are proposed:(1)The unit of microplastics in the atmosphere should be unified,in order to ensure the comparability of future studies.(2)Further studies are required on the transformation and degradation processes of atmospheric microplastics during long-range transport.(3)It is necessary to evaluate the potential health threat of microplastic exposure in our living environments.