纳米零价铁处理含重金属工业废水研究进展

Advance of heavy metal-loading industrial wastewater treatment with nanoscale zero-valent iron

纳米零价铁材料(nanoscale zero-valent iron,nZVI)是环境领域应用最广泛的纳米材料之一,因其原材料来源丰富、反应产物环境友好,在分离/固定水中重金属方面得到了广泛的研究.实验室研究表明,nZVI能够有效去除复杂实际废水中铜、砷、铅、锌、金等多种重金属,表现出较高的去除负荷.本研究团队在国内首先研究以nZVI技术为核心,开发分离、固定重金属工业废水中重金属的针对性废水处理工艺.构建了废水处理“反应-分离-回用”式纳米零价铁反应器(nano iron reactor,NIR)装置,通过“小试—中试—工程应用”逐级科学放大,将其应用于多种重金属工业废水的处理当中.本文总结了纳米零价铁废水处理工艺,综述了NIR反应器技术处理典型重金属废水的中试和工程应用案例,为nZVI的实际环境应用以及重金属废水处理提供了理论及技术借鉴.

Nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI)is one of the most widely used nanomaterials for environmental remediation.The iron-based materials are easy to obtain,as well as the final products are environmental friendly,so nZVI has been widely studied in the field of separation and stabilization of heavy metal from wastewater.Our research group firstly designed the nano iron reactor(NIR)for heavy metals containing wastewater treatment focused on“reaction,separation and reuse”process.Key factors influencing the removal capacity has been investigated for the treatment of heavy metals containing wastewater using NIR.The technology of nZVI reactor for wastewater treatment has been invented after it has been studied in the scale of laboratory,pilot and large scale engineering application.It was proved that nZVI could effectively and simultaneously remove multiple heavy metal such as Cu,As,Pb,Zn from industrial wastewater,showing a high removal capacity.In general,this paper summarized the advance of wastewater treatment with nZVI,and focus on the pilot-and full-scale application of the treatment of wastewater containing multiple heavy metal.The article can provide the theoretical fundamentals and engineering experience for the environmental application of nZVI and the treatment of heavy metal wastewater.