转移性儿童甲状腺癌的遗传学特征和预后

Genetic characteristics and prognosis of metastatic thyroid cancer in children

甲状腺癌的发病率随着年龄的增长而增加,虽然儿童甲状腺癌的发病率远低于成人,但在世界范围内甲状腺癌已经成为0~14岁儿童第5大常见癌症以及青少年最常见的癌症。不同于成人患者,目前普遍认为儿童甲状腺癌发病率的增加更有可能是基因或环境因素所致,并且儿童甲状腺癌在发病时往往更趋近于晚期,其复发率也远高于成人甲状腺癌,但是儿童甲状腺癌的分子病理学特征与肿瘤转移的关系仍有待进一步明确。本文将结合国内外研究进行综述,重点讨论转移性儿童甲状腺癌的遗传学特征,为研究者和临床医师针对儿童甲状腺癌的基础研究和肿瘤防治提供参考。

The incidence rate of thyroid cancer increases with age.Although the incidence rate of thyroid cancer in children is far lower than in adults,thyroid cancer has become the fifth most common cancer among children aged 0-14 and the most common cancer among adolescents worldwide.Unlike thyroid cancer in adults,the increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer in children is more likely to be caused by genetic or environmental factors.Moreover,thyroid cancer in children tends to be late stage,and the recurrence rate is much higher than in adults.However,the relationship between molecular pathological characteristics and metastasis of thyroid cancer in children still needs to be further clarified.This review focused on the genetic changes of metastatic thyroid cancer in children in order to provide the reference for researchers and clinicians to better understand basic research,prevention and treatment of thyroid cancer in children.