外泌体及其在肝脏疾病研究中的进展

Research progress of exosomes in liver diseases

外泌体作为细胞间通讯的关键介质,其携带可以转运到受体细胞的核酸、蛋白质和脂质。在肝病领域,外泌体正在成为肝脏疾病的发病机理中的关键角色,受损的肝细胞释放出大量的外泌体,促进炎症、纤维生成和血管生成的发生,这是肝脏疾病进展的关键病理生物学过程。近来相关研究表明,外泌体正在肝病领域发挥作用,特别是在分子诊断及靶向作用等方面的开发有着极大的应用前景;因此,本文着重介绍了外泌体分类、分离及相关修饰等情况,其植物源性外泌体在不涉及伦理情况下有着较大的挖掘可能性。同时探讨了外泌体在部分肝脏疾病中发挥作用的分子机制,为求应用于临床实践稍作铺垫。

Exosomes as key mediators for cell-to-cell communication,carrying nucleic acids,proteins and lipids that can be transported to recipient cells.In the field of liver diseases,exosomes are becoming a key role in the pathogenesis of liver diseases.Damified liver cells release large amounts of exosomes to promote inflammation,fibrogenesis and angiogenesis,which are key pathobiological processes in the progression of liver disease.Recent studies have shown that exosomes are playing an important role in the field of liver diseases,especially in the development of their molecular diagnosis and targeting functions.Therefore,this paper focused on the classification,isolation and related modifications of exosomes,and the plant-derived exosomes have a great possibility to be explored without involving ethics.At the same time,the molecular mechanism of exosomes playing a role in some liver diseases will lay a little groundwork for practical clinical application.