当“劳动”变成“休闲”:数字劳动价值论争议研究

When"Labor"Becomes"Leisure":A Study on the Controversy of Digital Labor Value Theory

数字劳动作为当代“休闲”的主要方式,在价值生产的条件、过程、后果等方面呈现出一系列新特征。其中的剥削问题不仅使马克思主义与西方主流经济学泾渭分明,也成为马克思主义内部争论的焦点。西方主流经济学与自治主义马克思主义过于强调伴随技术进步的主体性力量,马克思主义政治经济学的劳动价值论对于数字劳动仍然是真正的科学。实际上,数字劳动者的注意力成为商品,是资本深化剥削的关键。资本通过构筑“数字工厂”围猎注意力,在数字劳动过程中压榨注意力,并无偿劫掠劳动者的注意力成果,为自身增殖服务。只有坚持数字平台以公有制为主体,规范私有平台为社会主义数字经济建设服务,并引导数字劳动者合理投放注意力,才能避免数字劳动中的剥削,使数字劳动从生理式休闲向自主式休闲跃升,实现数字劳动主权的复归。

As the main way of contemporary"leisure",digital labor presents a series of new characteristics in the conditions,processes and consequences of value production.The issue of exploitation in digital labour not only marks a clear distinction between Marxist and western mainstream economics,but also has become the focus of internal debate in Marxism.Western mainstream economics and autonomous Marxism place too much emphasis on the subjective force of technological progress.The labor value of Marxist political economics is still true science for digital labor.In fact,the attention of digital workers has become a commodity,which is the key to deepening capital exploitation.By building a"digital factory",capital hunts and squeezes attention resources in the process of digital labor,and plunders the attention achievements of workers for free,so as to increase its own profitability.Only by adhering to public ownership as the main body of the digital platform,standardizing private platforms to serve the construction of socialist digital economy,and guiding digital workers to invest their attention resources rationally,can we avoid economic exploitation in digital labor,make digital labor leap from physiological leisure to independent leisure,and realize the return of digital labor sovereignty.