数字、资本与时间的辩证法——一种历史唯物主义的时间化批判路径

Dialectics of Digit,Capital and Time:A Critical Path of Time from the Perspective of Historical Materialism

数字资本主义作为资本主义的最新形态,对社会时间的组织、建构和塑造呈现出一系列新特征。历史唯物主义蕴含的时间观为从时间向度科学理解和批判资本主义提供了可能。当代数字资本进行的时间剥削和时间权力掌控进一步加深,为时间打上了深刻的制度烙印,这就需要历史唯物主义不断深化时间批判的形式,探讨数字技术与资本、时间结合的新形式,从生产力、生产关系和生产方式社会后果等层面对数字资本主义中的时间加以讨论。数字资本主义社会生产力的变革带来了时间生产的全新形式,使得生产劳动变革带动时间的加速化、时间结构的数字化改造和时间商品化与资本化程度不断加强;相应的生产关系则改造了社会上层建筑,使整个世界体系与剥削关系的形式时间化、时间规训制度不断深化,进而使无产阶级遭受更严重的剥削;而数字领域增长加剧社会时间与自然时间的分裂、数字时间成为数字化生存的基本尺度、生活世界生产化与对“非劳动时间”的权力掌控等社会后果也随之显露。

As the latest form of capitalism,digital capitalism presents a series of new characteristics in the organization,construction and shaping of social time.The concept of time contained in historical materialism makes it possible to scientifically understand and criticize capitalism from the perspective of time.The further deepening of time exploitation and time power control of contemporary digital capital has marked time with a profound institutional brand,which requires historical materialism to continuously deepen the form of time criticism and explore new forms of the combination of digital technology,capital and time.And time in digital capitalism is discussed from the aspects of production relations,mode of production and social consequences.The transformation of social productivity of digital capitalism has brought a new form of time production,which has caused the acceleration of time driven by the transformation of production labor,the digitization of time structure and the continuous strengthening of the degree of commercia-lization and capitalization of time.The corresponding production relations have transformed the social superstructure,and with time getting involved in the whole world system and the form of exploitation relationship,have deepened the time discipline system,which has made the proletariats suffer from more serious exploitation.The growth of digital field intensifies the division between social time and natural time.And digital time has become the basic scale of digital survival.Social consequences such as the transformation of the life world into production activities and the control of"non-working time"have also emerged.