家庭式托育服务供给:特点、困境与出路——基于广州市F品牌托育园的调查

The Characteristics,Dilemmas and Solutions of the Supply of Family Childcare Services—Based on the Research of F Brand Childcare School in Guangzhou

发展以社区为服务半径的托育服务供给是解决幼有所育的有效方式,而家庭式托育服务是社区托育服务的重要实现形式,探讨中国家庭式托育服务的准公共物品属性及其供给方式具有现实意义。我国家庭式托育服务供给经历了从私人自愿供给到自发供给的变迁历程,其具备价格机制下的强排他性、园区拥挤点控制、自建标准等准公共物品特点。目前,家庭式托育服务在注册登记、安全规范、教师建设、外部效应等方面存在一定的发展困境。因此,我国家庭式托育服务供给应选择合作供给的路径,明确私人供给托育服务的地位,引导托育服务供给向普惠性质的私人有偿供给转变,加强托育服务规范的政策供给,创造社会协同供给的环境。

The development of community-based care supply is an effective way to solve the problem of children′s education,and family care service is an important form of community care service.It is of practical significance to explore the quasi public goods attribute and supply mode of family care in China.The supply of family care services in China has experienced a change process from private voluntary supply to spontaneous supply.It has the characteristics of quasi public goods such as strong exclusivity under the price mechanism,park congestion control and self built standards.At present,there are some difficulties in the development of family care services in terms of registration,safety norms,teacher construction,external effects and so on.Therefore,the supply of family care services in China should choose the path of cooperative supply,clarify the status of private supply of care services,guide the supply of care services to the private paid supply of inclusive nature,strengthen the standardized policy supply of care services,and create a social collaborative supply environment.