中国畜禽粪污资源化种养循环现状与效益分析

Current Situation and Benefit Analysis of Planting-breeding Resource Recycling of Livestock Manure in China

畜禽粪污已成为农业面源污染的主要来源,合理进行畜禽粪污资源化利用,构建种养循环农业体系是解决畜禽粪污污染问题的有效途径。通过对中国大部分地区进行实地调研,发现当前各地均具有发展种养循环农业的良好条件,但仍存在原位安全消纳标准体系缺乏和周边消纳农田面积不足等问题。当前沼气工程和好氧发酵是实现畜禽粪污资源化和促进种养循环的重要纽带,结合个案分析表明种养循环模式较于达标排放减少企业环保投资72.4%。最后建议要因地制宜地实现畜禽粪污还田无害化处理及资源化利用,同时建立种养结合数据库及运行长效机制。

Livestock manure has become the main source of agricultural non-point source pollution.The rational utilization of livestock manure resources and the establishment of a planting-breeding circulating agriculture system are effective ways to solve the problem of livestock manure pollution.Based on field investigations in most areas of China,it is concluded that all parts of China currently have good conditions for the development of planting-breeding circulating agriculture.However,there are still some problems,including lack of in-situ safe consumption standard systems,and insufficient surrounding matched farmland area,etc.The current biogas engineering and aerobic fermentation are the key links to realize the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure and promote the planting-breeding circulation.The planting-breeding circular model,studying on a case,reduces enterprise environmental protection investment by 72.4%compared with the standard discharge model.Finally,it is recommended to realize the harmless disposal and resource utilization of livestock manure according to local conditions,and to establish a database and a long-term operation mechanism for planting-breeding combination.