外接堆肥微生物在餐厨废弃物好氧堆肥中的应用

Application of Exogenous Microbial Inoculum in the Composting of Kitchen Waste

微生物是堆肥过程的主要驱动力,其群落在堆肥过程中不断演替,进而影响好氧发酵进程和堆肥的品质。大量研究表明:接种外源微生物可促进堆肥进程,加快有机物分解和堆肥腐熟,消解抗生素等有害物质等作用。餐厨废弃物油脂、盐、水含量高和易酸化等问题会影响好氧发酵过程中微生物的活动。通过特定样品的富集驯化、选择性培养,并结合先进的分子生物学技术,筛选具有不同降解功能的菌株,并以此为基础构建的微生物菌剂能够一定程度上克服餐厨废弃物用于好氧堆肥的限制性问题。主要阐述了餐厨废弃物好氧发酵过程中微生物菌群的演替规律,构建微生物菌剂的菌种类型及功能和不同菌剂对好氧发酵的作用及潜在影响机制,以期能够为相关微生物强化技术的研发提供一些参考。

Microorganisms are the main drivers of the composting process and their dynamics changes all the time,and then influence the composting process and the quality of compost.Many studies demonstrated that,exogenous inoculants may promote the composting process,accelerate the decomposition of organic matter and composting maturity,reduce antibiotics and other harmful substances.Feature of kitchen wastes,such as high oil,high salt,high moisture,easy acidification,etc.,affects the microbial activities of these processes.Combined with advanced molecular biology techniques,enriching,and domesticating specific-condition samples,and then using selective culture which was aiming to attain microbes with different functions for decomposing raw materials.Based on these selected microbes,they could promote the composting process with kitchen wastes and overcome the problems during composting when using them.This paper was mainly described the dynamics of microorganisms in composting process with kitchen wastes,explored the influence of applying these different types and functions of microbial inoculants during composting processes,in order that providing technical support and theoretical reference for the development of kitchen waste resource utilization and biological enhancement.