银川市沙尘天气大气颗粒物对某医院呼吸系统疾病急诊人次的影响

The Influence of Atmospheric Particulate Matter in the Dust Weather and the Number of Emergency Room Visits of Respiratory Diseases in a Hospital of Yinchuan

目的了解沙尘天气大气颗粒物对呼吸系统疾病急诊人次的影响。方法选择2019—2021年春季宁夏医科大学总医院因呼吸系统疾病行急诊的人次为研究对象,采用广义加性模型(generalized additive model,GAM)分析沙尘天气大气颗粒物与呼吸系统疾病急诊人次的关系、单日滞后模型和滑动平均滞后模型检验滞后效应和累积效应。结果2019—2021年春季宁夏医科大学总医院因呼吸系统疾病急诊就诊的男性多于女性,且≥65岁患者占40%以上。2019—2021年春季大气PM_(10)平均浓度分别为88.33、83.66和163.34μg·m^(-3)。2021年沙尘天气大气PM_(2.5)和PM10每升高10μg·m^(-3),呼吸系统疾病急诊就诊的风险会上升,OR及95%CI分别为1.01(1.00~1.01)、1.00(1.00~1.00)。2020年沙尘天气大气PM_(10)污染对呼吸系统疾病存在3 d累积滞后效应,2021年沙尘天气当天PM_(2.5)及PM10与呼吸系统疾病急诊人次增加有关,其OR及95%CI分别为1.02(1.01~1.02)、1.00(1.00~1.01)。特征分层结果显示男性与年龄≥65岁的人群更容易受到PM2.5及PM_(10)的影响,其OR及95%CI分别为男性1.02(1.01~1.02)、1.00(1.00~1.00),≥65岁1.01(1.01~1.02)、1.00(1.00~1.01)。结论沙尘天气能增加呼吸系统疾病急诊就诊人次,尤其对男性及老年群体危害更大。

Objective To investigate the relationship between atmospheric particulate matter in dust weather and the number of emergency room visits of respiratory diseases in a hospital.Methods The research subjects selected the number of emergency patients with respiratory diseases in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University in the spring of 2019—2021.Generalized Additive Model(GAM)was used to analyze the relationship between atmospheric particulate matter and the number of emergency room visits of respiratory diseases.Single-day lag model and moving average lag model were used to test the lag effect and cumulative effect.Results From the spring of 2019 to 2021,more men than women visited the Emergency Department of Ningxia Medical University of General Hospital for respiratory diseases,and≥65 years old accounted for more than 40%.The average concentrations of PM_(10) in spring from 2019 to 2021 were 88.33μg·m^(-3),83.66μg·m^(-3),and 163.34μg·m^(-3),respectively.In 2021,dust weather PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) increased by 10μg·m^(-3) would increase the risk of emergency medical attention due to respiratory diseases,the OR and 95%CI were 1.01(1.00-1.01)and 1.00(1.00~1.00).There was a cumulative lag effect of 3-day of PM_(10) on respiratory diseases in the dust weather in 2020.PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) on the day of the dust weather were related to the increase in the number of emergency room visits for respiratory diseases in 2021,the OR and 95%CI were 1.02(1.01-1.02)and 1.00(1.00-1.01),respectively.The results of feature stratification showed that men and people aged≥65 years were more likely to be affected by PM_(2.5) and PM_(10),and the OR values and 95%CI were 1.02(1.01-1.02),1.00(1.00-1.00)for men,≥65 age 1.01(1.01-1.02),1.00(1.00-1.01).Conclusion Sand-dust weather can increase the number of emergency room visits for respiratory diseases,especially for males and the elderly.