美国CLOUD法案对我国跨境数据获取的挑战及应对

The Challenge and Countermeasures of CLOUD Act of the United States to China’s Cross-border Data Acquisition

双边司法协助低效率的取证程序难以满足电子取证及时的要求,而美国CLOUD法案的颁布破解了传统跨境数据取证耗时长效率低的问题。CLOUD法案采取的是数据控制者模式,这与大多数国家所确立的数据本地化模式不同,此将引发诸如管辖权冲突、数据主权和网络主权冲突、与其他条约或国家法律条文内容相冲突等问题。我国可合理运用国际礼让原则,适度放开数据本地化模式,完善《国际刑事司法协助法》《国家安全法》《网络安全法》等法律规范,加强阻断立法,协作治理网络空间,加强国际数据管辖的平等合作,有效应对CLOUD法案对跨境数据获取的挑战。

The inefficient evidence collection procedure of bilateral judicial assistance is difficult to meet the requirements of timely electronic evidence collection,while the CLOUD Act of the United States has solved the problem that traditional cross-border data collection is timeconsuming and inefficient.CLOUD Act adopts the data controller mode of data localization mode,which will lead to many problems such as jurisdiction conflict,data sovereignty and network sovereignty conflict,and legal conflict with other countries.China can reasonably apply the principle of international comity,moderately liberalize the data localization mode,improve the legal norms such as the International Criminal Judicial Assistance Law,the National Security Law and the Cyber Security Law,strengthen the blocking legislation,cooperate in managing cyberspace,strengthen the equal cooperation of international data jurisdiction,and effectively respond to the challenge of CLOUD Act to cross-border data acquisition.