学习型组织如何影响公共服务人员的专业自主性?--基于情感劳动和新管理主义理论的模型比较研究

How Does Learning Organization Affect Professional Autonomy of Public Service Employees?: A Comparative Study of Models Based on Emotional Labor and New Managerialism Theory

专业自主性是提高公共服务人员专业能力和促进公共服务机构良性运行的关键因素。本研究基于全国社会工作者的调查数据,使用结构方程模型,从情感劳动和新管理主义角度分别构建模型,研究了学习型组织在社工专业自主性形成过程中的中介作用。情感劳动模型显示,学习型组织与职业倦怠存在负相关关系,与专业自主性存在正相关关系,学习型组织在职业倦怠和专业自主性的关系中起中介作用。新管理主义模型显示,学习型组织与专业能力和专业自主性均存在正相关关系,学习型组织还部分中介了专业能力对专业自主性的影响。基于此,提出情感/能力-科层制的综合模型,按照专业能力、情感劳动特征和机构特征对公共服务人员进行了分类,以便更深入地探讨不同类型公共服务人员的专业自主性。研究不仅揭示了公共服务人员专业自主性的重要性,也为如何培养专业自主性提供了启示。

Professional autonomy is the key factor to improve professional ability of public service employees and promote the benign operation of public service organizations.Based on the Chinese Social Work Survey,this research developed two comparative models from emotional labor and new managerialism,and applied the structural equation modeling analysis procedure,to examine the effects of cynicism and professional competence on social service practitioners’professional autonomy through learning organizations.Findings reveal that,firstly,the emotional labor model indicates that a learning organization is significantly and negatively associated with cynicism,and significantly and positively associated with professional autonomy.The learning organization functioned as a mediator between cynicism and professional autonomy.Second,the new managerialism model indicates that a learning organization is significantly and positively associated with professional autonomy and professional competence.The learning organization partly mediated the significant relationship between professional competence and professional autonomy.In addition,the research proposed an integrated framework of“emotion/competence-bureaucratization”from which to understand frontline social service practitioners’professional autonomy.This framework classifies public service practitioners according to professional competence,emotional labor characteristics and institutional characteristics.This research not only reveals the significance of public service practitioners’professional autonomy,but also provides practical implications for how to cultivate professional autonomy of public service employees.