2015-2020年北京市怀柔区11种呼吸道病原体流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of 11 respiratory pathogens in Huairou district of Beijing,2015-2020

目的探索北京市怀柔区11种常见呼吸道传染病病原体的流行规律。方法从哨点医院每月收集约20例急性呼吸道感染病例,采集呼吸道样本,进行11种常见呼吸道病原体的核酸检测,并对病例进行个案调查。结果2015-2020年,共监测到急性呼吸道感染病例1579例,11种病原体总阳性率为24.00%(95%CI:21.90%~26.10%),检出率前3位分别为:流感病毒6.08%(95%CI:4.90%~7.26%)、副流感病毒3.74%(95%CI:2.80%~4.68%)、肺炎支原体3.29%(95%CI:2.41%~4.17%);大多数病原体每年呈单峰模式流行,流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒的流行季主要为冬春季;副流感病毒的流行季主要为夏秋季;肺炎支原体的流行季主要为秋冬季。8.18%(95%CI:5.42%~10.94%)的阳性病例为2种及以上病原体的混合感染。对患者的外周血淋巴细胞计数进行分析,发现28.00%(95%CI:10.30%~35.60%)的鼻病毒阳性病例,24.32%(95%CI:14.54%~34.10%)的流感病毒阳性病例,22.22%(95%CI:3.01%~41.43%)的冠状病毒阳性病例,外周血淋巴细胞计数减少(低于0.8×10^(9)/L)。结论本研究初步摸清怀柔区2015-2020年11种呼吸道病原体(特别是流感病毒之外的病原体)流行强度、流行季节、好发人群等特征,对怀柔区呼吸道传染病防控工作具有重要意义。

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of 11 respiratory pathogens in Huairou district,Beijing.Methods Approximately 20 cases of acute respiratory infection(ARI)were recruited from a sentinel hospital each month.Their respiratory specimens were collected for the nucleic acids testing of 11 common respiratory pathogens,and a case survey was also conducted.Results A total of 1579 ARIs were monitored from 2015 to 2020,with an overall positive rate of 24.00%(95%CI:21.90%-26.10%)for 11 pathogens.The top three common pathogens were influenza virus 6.08%(95%CI:4.90%-7.26%),parainfluenza virus 3.74%(95%CI:2.80%-4.68%),and mycoplasma pneumonia 3.29%(95%CI:2.41%-4.17%).Most pathogens showed a single peak epidemic per year.The epidemic seasons for influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus were mainly in Winter and Spring,for parainfluenza virus in Summer and Autumn,and for Mycoplasma pneumonia in Autumn and Winter.Positive cases of co-infections with≥2 pathogens accounted for 8.18%(95%CI:5.42%-10.94%).For 28.00%(95%CI:10.30%-35.60%)of rhinovirus positive cases,24.32%(95%CI:14.54%-34.10%)of influenza virus positive cases and 22.22%(95%CI:3.01%-41.43%)of coronavirus positive cases,their peripheral blood lymphocyte count reductions(<0.8×109/L)were observed.Conclusions This study preliminarily found out the epidemiological characteristics of the 11 common respiratory pathogens in Huairou district from 2015 to 2020,which provided great help to the prevention and control of these respiratory infectious diseases in Huairou district.