我国公海渔业发展现状、影响因素与应对措施

Current situation, restrictive factors and countermeasures of the high sea fisheries in China

我国公海渔业始于1985年,从最初的公海大型拖网捕捞狭鳕开始,逐步发展成拖网、围网、金枪鱼延绳钓、鱿鱼钓等多种类型的公海渔业。2020年公海渔船数约1600艘,形成年产量约150×10^(4)t的渔业规模。公海渔业的行业结构从单一转变为多样化,从零散转变为规模化发展,竞争力进一步加强。影响我国公海渔业发展的主要因素包括资源波动大、渔场掌控能力弱、捕捞与加工效率不高、运维或补给成本高等。由于公海渔业的特殊性,国际社会舆论压力和区域性渔业组织对公海渔业的发展起到了较强的监督、制约和促进作用。我国公海渔业在管理、科学调查和履约能力建设等方面日趋成熟,首创了公海休渔,逐渐成为国际渔业管理的重要力量之一,贡献了公海渔业可持续发展的中国方案。

China’s high sea fishery began in 1985.From the initial large-scale high sea trawl fishing for pollock,it has gradually developed into various types of high sea fisheries such as trawl,purse seine,tuna longline fishing and squid fishing.In 2020,the number of high sea fishing vessels nearly reached 1600,forming a fishery scale with an annual output of more than 1.5 million tons.The industrial structure of high sea fisheries has changed from being single to being diversified,from scattered and disorderly pattern to large-scale development,and the competitiveness of fisheries has been further strengthened.The main factors affecting the development of high sea fisheries in China are large fluctuations in resources,weak fishing ground control ability,low fishing and processing efficiency,high operation and maintenance or supply costs.Due to the particularity of high sea fisheries,the pressure of international public opinion and regional fisheries organizations have played a strong role in restricting and promoting the development of high sea fisheries.This paper finds that China’s high sea fisheries are becoming more and more mature in management,scientific investigation and performance capacity-building.It has pioneered in the high sea fishing moratorium and management system,and gradually became one of the important forces of international fisheries management,and contributed to the Chinese plan to promote the sustainable development of high sea fisheries.