明代孝子的孝行论析——以皖北方志为文本的考察

An Analysis on the Filial Behavior of Filial Sons of the Ming Dynasty in the Local History of Northern Anhui

文章以皖北为地域考察范围,以地方志为基本文献资料,采用文本实证分析方法,研究明代孝子孝行的种类和具体表现。皖北在明代孝治中具有特殊意义。皖北孝子的孝行大体可分为孝养、救亲、友悌和义居四种基本类型。生前孝养包括保障父母生活、心情、健康、陪伴等诸方面;义勇救亲折射出孝作为社会共同情感的特征;兄弟间的友爱互助和家族内的和睦相处成为孝伦理对人们的进一步要求。中华传统孝文化虽曾由儒家阐述其精髓,但绝非由儒家所独有;孝行虽得到法和礼的强化,但绝非仅为遵守法礼,孝伦理发源于民众共同体的生活,植根于人的天性,在礼俗社会中逐步积淀而确立。

This article takes Northern Anhui as the regional scope and local chronicles as the basic documents,and uses textual empirical analysis methods to study the types and performances of filial behavior in the Ming dynasty and to tell Chinese stories well and explore the historical heritage of local filial piety culture.Northern Anhui has a special significance in the filial piety governance of the Ming Dynasty.The filial behavior of filial sons can be roughly divided into four basic types:filial piety during parents’life,saving parents,fraternal love,and harmony within a big family.Filial piety during parents’life includes taking care of life,mood,health,and companionship;valiantly saving one’s parents reflects the characteristics of filial piety as a common emotion in society;love and mutual assistance among brothers and harmonious coexistence within the family is the further requirements of filial piety of people.Although the essence of traditional Chinese filial piety culture was elaborated by Confucianism,it was never exclusive to Confucianism.Although filial behavior was strengthened by laws and rituals,it was never limited by them.The ethics of filial piety originated from the life of the people’s community,settled in human nature,gradually accumulated,and finally got established in the earthly society.