“危险作业罪”在海上执法的理解与适用--以擅自关闭AIS行为为视角

Comprehension and Application of“Dangerous Operation Crime”in Maritime Law Enforcement:A Perspective from Unauthorized Shutdown of AIS

危险作业罪是刑法修正案(十一)新增罪名,也是一项具有一定政策导向的罪名,旨在进一步控制安全生产风险,体现了积极预防型的刑法立法导向。此罪对当前的海上行政执法也产生了较大影响,对于哪些海上违法行为符合“具有重大性和紧迫性的现实危险”,将会是今后一段时期实践的重大课题。作为海上行政执法机关,需要改变以往的执法观念,在传统“行政处罚——重大责任事故罪”二元处理模式之间,介入“危险作业罪”的考量,在现实紧迫危险已然形成的情况下,考虑按照“危险作业罪”启动行刑衔接程序。

The crime of dangerous work is a new crime in the 11th amendment of the Criminal Law,and it is also a crime with certain policy orientation.It is intended to further control the risk of safe production,which reflects the positive orientation of prevention in the criminal law legislation.The crime also has a great impact on the current maritime administrative law enforcement.It will be a major topic in the future to identify which maritime illegal acts are in line with the“real danger with significant and urgent nature”.As a maritime administrative law enforcement agency,it is necessary to change the previous law enforcement concept,incorporate the consideration on“dangerous operation crime”in addition to the traditional dual treatment mode of“administrative punishment-crime of major liability accident”,and consider starting the administrative and judicial proceedings transfer according to provisions on the“dangerous operation crime”when real and urgent dangers already exist.