从理念看变化:《义务教育化学课程标准(2022年版)》解析

Understanding Changes in Terms of Ideas:Interpretation of the Chemistry Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education(2022 Edition)

围绕“为谁培养人、培养什么人、怎样培养人”这个根本问题,新颁布的《义务教育化学课程标准(2022年版)》系统凝练了义务教育化学课程新理念,形成了全面育人的义务教育化学课程设计思路。“育人”是义务教育化学课程理念的“魂”。在“充分发挥化学课程的育人功能”这一理念的统摄下,通过对《义务教育化学课程标准(2022年版)》的解析,系统论述了化学新课标在课程四个要素(课程目标、课程内容、课程实施和课程评价)上所呈现的新变化。这些新变化具体体现为:(1)以发展核心素养为宗旨,整体规划了核心素养培养要求,确立了与之匹配的课程目标体系;(2)强调基于核心素养设计学习主题、根据学习主题设计化学课程内容结构的思路,充分发挥大概念统领作用;(3)注重基于大概念整体设计单元教学,重视探究与实践活动的设计与实施,开展基于教学系统有效实施素养导向的教学;(4)设计和实施凸显发展学生核心素养理念的化学教学评价体系,优化基于核心素养发展的过程性评价和终结性评价,深化基于学生核心素养发展的综合评价和探索增值评价路径。

With a focus on the fundamental issue of“cultivating people for whom,cultivating what kind of people and how to cultivate people”,the Chemistry Curriculum Standardfor Compulsory Education(2022 Edition)has systematically summarized the new idea of chemistry curriculumfor compulsory education,and formed design thought of the compulsory education chemistry curriculum for all-around development.“Cultivation of people”is the soul of chemistry curriculum idea in compulsory education.Under the guidance of“giving full play to the educational function of chemistry curriculum”,through the analysis of Chemistry Curriculum Standard for Compulsory Education(2022 Edition),this paper discusses the changes of standards in the four curriculum elements(curriculum objectives,curriculum content,curriculum implementation and curriculum evaluation).The specific changesare as follows.First,with the purpose of developing core competences,the“standards”makes an overall planning for the core competences training requirements,and established a course target system to match the core competences.Second,the“standards”put emphasis on designing the content structure of the chemistry course according to the learning theme,and on designing the learning topics based on core competences.Third,the“standards”also pay attention to the overall design of unit teaching based on big idea,the design and implementation of inquiry and practical activities,and the effective implementation of competences-oriented teaching based on the teaching system.Fourth,it highlights design and implementation of chemistry teaching evaluation system based on the students'core competences development,optimizes process evaluation and summative evaluation based on the development of students'core competences,deepens comprehensive evaluation,and explores value-added evaluation based on the development of students'core competences.