间伐改形对陇东密闭苹果园树体枝条和花芽及果实品质的影响

Effects of Thinning and Reshaping on Tree Branches,Flower Buds and Fruit Quality in Dense Apple Orchard in Eastern Gansu

为研究间伐改形对陇东成龄乔化密闭富士苹果园树体枝类组成、花芽形成及果实品质的影响,以16年生密闭红富士苹果园为研究对象,对隔株间伐改形和不间伐改形树体枝类组成、花芽形成、质量和果实品质等指标进行比较分析。结果表明,间伐改形后长枝和中枝占比率比不间伐改形分别减少5.97、5.88百分点;短枝占比率和优质短枝占比率比不间伐改形分别增加11.85、24.97百分点;顶花芽量比不间伐改形提高35.4%;花芽坐果率比不间伐改形提高23.4百分点;果实单果质量、硬度分别比不间伐改形分别提高16.7%、17.3%;着色面积和可溶性固形物分别比不间伐改形提高12.3,1.03百分点。间伐改形后花芽在冠层中的立体空间分布均衡,有效改善了不间伐改形树体花芽外移和上移现象。可见,间伐改形不仅能够有效解决密闭果园枝量繁多、树形紊乱等问题,还可有效改善枝条组成比例,提高花芽质量及坐果率,明显提高果实品质。

In order to study thinning and reshaping effects on branch composition,flower bud formation and fruit quality,16 year-old Fuji apple denseorchards were selected to measure the differences in branch composition,flower bud formation,flower quality and fruit qualitybefore and after the thinning and reshaping practices.The results showed that the proportions of long branches and middle branches after thinning and reshaping were significantly reduced compared with that of the control,by 5.97 percentage points and 5.88 percentage points,respectively.The proportions of short shoots and the ratio of high-quality short shoots after thinning and reshaping were increased significantly compared with that of the control,by 11.85 percentage points and 24.97 percentage points,respectively.The number of top flower buds and the fruit setting rate of flower buds were increased by 35.4%and 23.4 percentage points,respectively compared with that of the control.The fruit quality,firmness,coloring area and soluble solids content were higher than that of the control,the exceeding proportions were 16.7%,17.3%,12.3 percentage points and 1.03 percentage points,respectively.After thinning and reshaping,the three-dimensional spatial distribution of flower buds in the canopy was balanced,which effectively improved the outward and upward movement of flower buds in the control.Therefore,thinning and reshaping could effectively solve the problems of numerous branches and disordered tree shape in closed orchards,it could also effectively improve the composition ratio of branches,flower bud quality and fruit setting rate,and fruit quality is therefore significantly improved.