医院脑卒中住院患者压力性损伤发生率调查与研究

Investigation and research on the incidence of pressure injury in hospitalized patients with stroke

目的 调查研究医院脑卒中住院患者压力性损伤发生率。方法 回顾性收集2017—2019年湖州市第一人民医院收治的3581例脑卒中住院患者临床资料,统计医院脑卒中住院患者压力性损伤发生率,并研究压力性损伤的发生特征。结果 经临床资料统计,3581例脑卒中住院患者中,286例患者发生压力性损伤,占7.99%;3295例患者未发生压力性损伤,占92.01%。2017—2019年医院脑卒中住院患者中,2017年压力性损伤发生率最高,占40.21%,其次为2018年,占31.47%,2019年发生率最低,占28.32%。2017—2019年医院脑卒中住院患者中,81~90岁压力性损伤发生率最高,占42.66%,52~60岁发生率最低,占17.83%。2017—2019年医院脑卒中住院患者发生压力性损伤中,2期压力性损伤占比最高,为62.59%,压力性损伤占比最低,为1.40%,无5期、6期压力性损伤发生。2017—2019年医院脑卒中住院患者中,骶尾部发生压力性损伤占比最高,占44.76%;其次为髋髂部,占38.81%。结论 2017—2019年医院脑卒中住院患者压力性损伤发生率呈现明显下降趋势,发生人群主要集中在81~90岁老年人群,以2期压力性损伤为主,其中骶尾部、髋髂部为多发部位,上述特征为医院的防控重点,临床需进一步实施针对性的改进措施,以期降低脑卒中住院患者压力性损伤发生率。

Objective To investigate the incidence of pressure injury in hospitalized patients with stroke. Methods The clinical data of 3581 stroke inpatients admitted to Huzhou First People′ s Hospital from January 2017 to December2019 were retrospectively collected. The incidence of pressure injury in stroke inpatients was counted, and the characteristics of pressure injury were studied. Results According to the statistics of clinical data, of the 3581 hospitalized patients with stroke, 286 patients had a pressure injury, accounting for 7.99%;3295 patients had no pressure injury, accounting for 92.01%. Among hospitalized stroke patients from 2017 to 2019, the incidence of pressure injury was the highest in 2017, accounting for 40.21%, followed by 2018, accounting for 31.47%, and the lowest incidence in 2019, accounting for 28.32%. Among hospitalized stroke patients from 2017 to 2019, patients aged81-90 had the highest incidence of pressure injury, accounting for 42.66%, and patients aged 52-60 had the lowest incidence, accounting for 17.83%. In the 2017—2019 hospital stroke inpatients with pressure injuries, the second stage pressure injury accounted for the highest proportion, at 62.59%, and pressure injury accounted for the lowest proportion, at 1.40%, and no stage 5 and stage 6 pressure injury occurred. Among hospitalized patients with stroke in2017—2019, the sacrococcygeal pressure injury accounted for the highest proportion, accounting for 44.76%, followed by the hip iliac, accounting for 38.81%. Conclusion From 2017 to 2019, the incidence of pressure injury in hospitalized patients with stroke in the hospital showed a significant downward trend. The population was mainly concentrated in the 81-90-year-old elderly, and the second-stage pressure injury was the main one, of which the sacrococcygeal and hip iliac areas were more frequent. The above-mentioned characteristics are the focus of prevention and control of the hospital, and further targeted improvement measures need to be implemented in clinical practice to reduce the incidence of pressure injury in hospitalized patients with stroke.