外周组织活检病理在帕金森病诊断中的应用

Application of peripheral biopsy pathology in the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease

帕金森病(PD)是一种常见于中老年的神经系统变性疾病,临床上以静止性震颤、运动迟缓、肌强直和姿势平衡障碍等运动障碍为主要特征。PD主要的病理特征是在中枢神经系统神经元胞浆内出现嗜酸性包涵体,即路易小体(Lewy bodies),其中α-突触核蛋白(α-synuclein)是形成路易小体的重要成分。随着PD患者外周组织α-synuclein的发现,人们试图通过周围组织活检病理研究对PD进行早期诊断。本文从皮肤、嗅黏膜、胃肠道和腓肠神经活检为出发点,根据α-synuclein表达的位置、沉积程度,以及临床检测方法,来探讨外周组织活检在帕金森病诊断中的应用。

Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a common neurodegenerative disorder in the middle and old age.It is clinically characterized by movement disorders such as rest tremor,bradykinesia,rigidity,and postural instability.The main pathological feature of PD is the formation of intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies(Lewy bodies)in the neurons of the central nervous system,in whichα-synuclein is identified as a constant component of Lewy bodies.With the discovery ofα-synuclein in the peripheral tissues of PD patients,people have attempted to make diagnosis of PD earlier by pathological studies in peripheral tissue.Based on the biopsy of skin,olfactory mucosa,gastrointestinal tract and sural nerve,we analyzed the location,deposition,clinical testing methods ofα-synuclein to explore the application of peripheral tissue biopsy in the diagnosis of PD.