陕西省清洁取暖替代效果及环境效益评估

Assessment of clean heating substitution effect and environmental benefit in Shaanxi Province

随着陕西省清洁取暖政策的推进,清洁取暖已成效显著。基于陕西省的2个代表性城市——铜川市和榆林市开展实地测试工作,并结合陕西省的历史数据对“洁净型煤+环保炉具”、“生物质成型燃料+专用炉具”、天然气壁挂炉、空气源热泵以及直热式电暖器等不同清洁取暖技术路径的环境健康效益和室内空气改善效果进行了评估。结果发现:洁净煤对室外空气污染有显著的减排效力,尤其是SO_(2)、PM_(2.5)和NO_(x),相比于散煤,SO_(2)可以减排20.2%~76.1%,PM_(2.5)的减排力度为22.0%~92.8%,NO_(x)能够减排35%~71.0%;室内空气污染方面,洁净煤的改善效果并不理想;空气源热泵在3种替代情景下,PM_(2.5)浓度分别下降8.33μg/m^(3)、12.50μg/m^(3)和16.66μg/m^(3),天然气壁挂炉与直热式电暖器替代效果与空气源热泵基本接近,综合评估多种清洁取暖替代方式来看,天然气和电力仍然是改善效果最为明显的方式。

With the promotion of clean heating policy in Shaanxi Province,clean heating has achieved remarkable results.This study is based on field testing in two representative cities of Shaanxi Province,Tongchuan City and Yulin City,and evaluates the environmental health benefits and indoor air improvement of different clean heating technology paths such as“clean coal and environmental protection stoves”,“biomass molded fuels and special stoves”,natural gas wall-mounted furnaces,air source heat pumps and direct heater.The results show that clean coal has significant emission reduction effect on outdoor air pollution,especially SO_(2),PM_(2.5) and NO_(x).Compared with raw coal,SO_(2) can reduce emissions by 20.2%to 76.1%,and PM_(2.5) by 22.50%to 92.8%,NO_(x) can reduce emissions by 35%to 71.0%.As to indoor air pollution,clean coal improvement effect is not ideal.Using air source heat pump in three alternative scenarios,PM_(2.5) concentration decreased by 8.33,12.50 and 16.66μg/m^(3),natural gas wall-mounted furnace and direct heater replacement effect and air source heat pump is basically close.Therefore,comprehensive assessment of a variety of clean heating alternatives,natural gas and electricity is still the most obvious way to improve the effect.