儒家治学语境下的《大学》“知”论

On“Knowledge”in The Great Learning Under the Context of Confucian Education

《大学》是儒家经典的教育文本,其中多次提及“知”,体现出独特的儒家治学理念。《大学》首句提到“知止”,表明了儒家德知一体的治学目标,点出儒家知识分子的理想信念在于“明明德于天下”。其后《大学》论“知本”,强调“反求诸己”的自律意识,为实现整体主义的道德目标夯实了主体本位的基础性原则。《大学》的“致知”则是经由“格物”实现的“体知”,引导君子在日常伦理政治实践中将道德指向性与主观能动性的“知”,升华为坚韧的生命体验,以此才可切实引导“大学之道”的实现。

The Great Learning is a Confucian educational classic,in which“knowledge”is repeatedly mentioned,reflecting a unique Confucian educational philosophy.The first sentence of The Great Learning mentions“the point where to rest being known”,indicating the Confucian educational objective of integrating morality and knowledge and pointing out that the ideals and beliefs of Confucian intellectuals lie in“illustrating illustrious virtue throughout the kingdom”.Later,The Great Learning discusses“knowledge”,emphasizing the self-discipline of self-reflection and consolidating the basic principle of subject-based for the realization of the moral goal of holism.The extension of knowledge to the utmost in The Great Learning is the“knowledge”realized by the“investigation of things”,which guides the gentlemen to sublimate the“knowledge”of the moral orientation and subjective initiative into a tenacious life experience in the daily ethical and political practice to effectively guide the realization of“the great learning”.